Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris, what is commonly known as pimples is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous units.It involves the areas rich in   these sebaceous units like face, chest, back and arms. It occurs in the age group between 11 to 30 years. 

What causes acne?

The four major factors involved in the etiology of acne are increased sebum production seborrhoea, comedo formation, colonization of the intrafollicular duct with P.acnes and inflammation. It affects individuals with genetic predisposition. Hormonal activity also contributes to the formation of acne. High glycemic load diet appears to worsen acne.

How do they present?

It may present as comedones, papules, pustules, cysts and nodules. Milder form presents with comedones and papules with few pustules, whereas severe variety includes cysts, nodules and scars.

Treatment

Acne should be treated in the early stages to prevent scars. Milder forms are treated with topical gels. Severe variety needs to be treated aggressively with systemic medications. For scar prevention and for quick control of disease one of the following procedures may be clubbed.- Comedo extraction is done in patients who do not respond to topical gels for better penetration of the medicine. - SAMA peel ( salicylic acid & mandelic acid )- Pulsed dye laser - Intralesional injection for nodules & cysts How is post acne pigmentation treated? Apart from creams, chemical peels are the best option for treatment of post acne pigmentation.

What are the treatment options for acne scars?

Depending upon the depth and type of scars, you may be suggested one of the following procedures:

1) Dermaroller 

2) CO2 laser 

3) Radiofrequency microneedling 

4) Subscision 

5) Dermal grafts 

6) Punch techniques